King® MS-D1
King® MS-D1 is a pre-blended, pre-packaged, shotcrete mix formulated for dry process applications. It contains Portland cement, silica fume, air-entraining admixture, blended aggregates, along with other carefully selected components, and presents greatly enhanced shooting characteristics and physical properties.
- Air-entrainment provides superior resistance to freeze-thaw cycling and salt-scaling resistance
- Improved adhesive and cohesive plastic properties
- significantly reduced rebound, resulting in lower material usage
Usage
Overall- Rehabilitation of concrete bridges, dams, reservoirs, tunnels, marine structures and parking ramps
- Lining and rehabilitation of sewers and watermains
- New construction including slope stabilization, soil-nailing, shaft and tunnel linings, pools and other concrete structures
- Ground support applications for mining, tunneling and other underground openings
- Rehabilitation of marine structures
- Lining and rehabilitation of sewers and other tunnels
- Slope stabilization, soil-nailing and shaft
Advantages
- Air-entrainment provides superior resistance to freeze-thaw cycling and salt-scaling resistance
- Improved adhesive and cohesive plastic properties
- Significantly reduced rebound, resulting in lower material usage
- Improved ability to build greater thicknesses in a single pass in both vertical and overhead orientations
- Improved resistance to water wash-out
- Improved resistance to sulphate attack
- Very low permeability
- Low shrinkage
- Compatible with integral, pre-applied and/or post-applied corrosion inhibitors*
- Designed with natural normal-density non-reactive aggregates to eliminate potential alkali-aggregate reactivity (AAR)
- Improved performance in presence of running water
- Allows for earlier re-opening of traffic lanes on bridges and in subway tunnels
- Micro-synthetic fibres reduce cracking caused by intrinsic stresses
- Type III micro-synthetic fibre in accordance with ASTM C1116
- Grade FR Class I shotcrete in accordance with ASTM C1480
- Corrosion inhibitor protects steel reinforcing and other metals embedded in concrete from corrosion induced by carbonation or chlorides
- Pre-blended corrosion inhibitor provides the correct dosage to enhance corrosion protection
- Significantly increased load carrying capacity
- Significantly increased energy absorbing capacity (toughness)
- Significantly increased impact resistance
- Low permeability
- Reduction of cracking due to drying shrinkage
- Significantly decreased wear on placing equipment and accessories when compared with steel fibres
- Ideal for use in manways or other areas where people may come in contact with the shotcrete surface
- Significantly increased load carrying capacity
- Significantly increased energy absorbing capacity (toughness)
- Significantly increased impact resistance
- Improved adhesive and cohesive plastic properties
- Low permeability
King® MS-D1 X3 SY G2. For King® MS-D1 ST with a high dosage of steel fibres, a level 2 dosage of accelerator and Gradation No. 1, the name of the product would be King® MS-D1 X2 STA.
Packaging
- 30 kg (66 lb) bags
- 1 000 kg (2 205 lb) FIBC
- Products containing macro-synthetic fibres (MF) or steel fibres (ST) can only be packaged in bulk bags (FIBC).
*Custom packaging is available to suit specific project requirements
Product Details
APPROVALS / CERTIFICATES
GRADATION
- By default King® MS-D1,King® MS-D1 ST and King® MS-D1 MF is blended to meet ACI 506 “Guide to Shotcrete”, Table 1.1, Gradation No. 1
- King® MS-D1 G2, King® MS-D1 ST G2 and King® MS-D1 MF G2 is blended to meet ACI 506 “Guide to Shotcrete”, Table 1.1, Gradation No. 2
Shelf Life
12 months in original, unopened packaging
Storage Conditions
Material should be stored in a dry, covered area, protected from the elements. For optimum performance it is recommended to store the material between 5°C ( 40°F) and 35°C (95°F) .
Underground environments
Physical properties may be adversely affected if material is stored in temperatures below 5°C ( 40°F), material stored below these temperatures should be allowed to warm to ambient underground temperatures before shooting.For optimum performance it is recommended to store the material between 5°C ( 40°F) and 35°C (95°F) .
Compressive Strength
| ASTM C116 (MODIFIED) |
| King® MS-D1 X | King® MS-D1 X2 | King® MS-D1 X3 | |
| 4 hours | 1 MPa (150 psi) | 5 MPa (725 psi) | |
| 8 hours | 5 MPa (725 psi) | 6 MPa (870 psi) | 8 MPa (1 150 psi) |
| 12 hours | 7 MPa (1 015 psi) | 8 MPa (1 150 psi) | 10 MPa (1 500 psi) |
| ASTM C1604 |
| King® MS-D1 | King® MS-D1 X | King® MS-D1 X2 | King® MS-D1 X3 | |
| 1 day | 15 MPa (2 175 psi) | 21 MPa (3 000 psi) | 21 MPa (3 000 psi) | 21 MPa (3 000 psi) |
| 3 days | 28 MPa (4 060 psi) | 28 MPa (4 060 psi) | 28 MPa (4 060 psi) | 28 MPa (4 060 psi) |
| 7 days | 32 MPa (4 640 psi) | 32 MPa (4 640 psi) | 32 MPa (4 640 psi) | 32 MPa (4 640 psi) |
| 28 days | 42 MPa (6 000 psi) | 42 MPa (6 000 psi) | 42 MPa (6 000 psi) | 42 MPa (6 000 psi) |
Modulus of Elasticity in Compression
| MODULUS OF ELASTICITY | ASTM C469 |
| 7 days | 26.6 GPa (3.9 x 106 psi) |
| 28 day | 29.0 GPa (4.2 x 106 psi) |
Tensile Strength in Flexure
| ASTM C78 |
| King® MS-D1 | King® MS-D1 X | King® MS-D1 X2 | King® MS-D1 X3 | |
| 7 days | 6.5 MPa (940 psi) | 6.0 MPa (870 psi) | 6.0 MPa (870 psi) | 6.0 MPa (870 MPa) |
| 28 days | 7.5 MPa (1085 psi) | 7.0 MPa (1 015 psi) | 7.0 MPa (1 015 psi) | 7.0 MPa (1 015 psi) |
King® MS-D1 MF & King® MS-D1 ST
| 28 days | 8.0 MPa (1160 psi) |
Tensile Strength
| TENSILE BOND STRENGTH | ASTM C1583 |
| 7 days | 2.2 MPa (320 psi) |
| 28 days | 2.9 MPa (420 psi) |
Splitting Tensile Strength
| ASTM C496 |
| 7 days | 3.8 MPa (550 psi) |
| 28 days | 4.5 MPa (650 psi) |
Shear Adhesion Strength
| BOND STRENGTH BY SLANT SHEAR (MODIFIED) | ASTM C882 |
| 7 days | 21.1 MPa (3 060 psi) |
| 28 days | 23.0 MPa ( 3 335 psi) |
Shrinkage
| UNIAXAL DRYING SHRINKAGE | ASTM C157 |
| King® MS-D1 | King® MS-D1 X | King® MS-D1 X2 | King® MS-D1 X3 | |
| 28 days | 500 μm/m | 600 μm/m | 600 μm/m | 600 μm/m |
| 56 days | 580 μm/m | 650 μm/m | 650μm/m | 650 μm/m |
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
| 28 days | 11.7 x 10-6 / °C (6.5 x 10-6 / °F |
Porosity
| AIR CONTENT | ASTM C457 |
6 % ± 2 %
| MAXIMUM AIR VOID SPACING FACTOR | ASTM C457 |
300 µm
| BOILED ABSORPTION | ASTM C642 |
6.0 %
| MAXIMUM VOLUME OF PERMEABLE VOIDS | ASTM C642 |
15.0 %
Freeze thaw resistance
| King® MS-D1 | King® MS-D1 X | King® MS-D1 X2 | King® MS-D1 X3 |
| 100 % | 96 % | 96 % | 96 % |
Excellent durability factor
Salt Resistance
| SALT SCALING RESISTANCE | ASTM C672 |
| King® MS-D1 | King® MS-D1 X | King® MS-D1 X2 | King® MS-D1 X3 |
| 0.10 kg/m2 (0.02 lb/ft2) | 0.17 kg/m2 (0.035 lb/ft2) | 0.20 kg/m2 (0.04 lb/ft2) | 1.2 kg/m2 (0.24 lb/ft2) |
Application
Setting Time
| ASTM C1117 | King® MS-D1 | King® MS-D1 X | King® MS-D1 X2 | King® MS-D1 X3 |
| Initial | 4 hours | 60 minutes | 20 minutes | 5 minutes |
| Final | 6 hours | 70 minutes | 30 minutes | 10 minutes |
Yield
- Approx. 0.014 m3 (0.5 ft3) / 30 kg (66 lb) bag
- Approx. 0.45 m3 (16.5 ft3) /1000 kg (2 205 lb) bag
* Yield in service may slightly vary according to projects conditions
SURFACE PREPARATION
| Repair or rehabilitation: |
All surfaces to be in contact with King® MS-D1 and its variations must be free from dust, oil, grease or any other foreign substances that may interfere with the bond of the material. Remove all loose or delaminated concrete providing a roughened surface and a minimum of 25 mm (1 inch) clearance behind any corroded reinforcing steel. The perimeter of the repair area should be saw-cut a minimum of 20 mm (¾ in). Clean the area to be repaired with potable water, leaving the concrete saturated but free of standing water (SSD).
| Rock surfaces ( King® MS-D1 ST & King® MS-D1 MF): |
All surfaces to be in contact with King® MS-D1 ST and King® MS-D1 MF must be free from dust, oil, grease or any other foreign substances that may interfere with the bond of the material. Remove all loose or delaminated rock. Clean the area with potable water, leaving the substrate saturated but free of standing water (SSD).
APPLICATION
Apply in accordance with the ACI 506 “Guide to Shotcrete” publication.
OPTIMUM PERFORMANCE
- Product should not be applied when ambient substrate and material termperatures are below +5 °C (40 °F) or above +35 °C (95 °F).
- For adverse temperatures, follow ACI recommendations for Cold/Hot Weather Concreting.
- For cold temperature applications, use King® MS-D3 X2 or King® MS-D3 X3.
- When using King® MS-D1 MF or King® MS-D1 ST, recommened minimum inside diameter of shotcrete hoses should be 50 mm (2 in).
CURING TREATMENT
Curing is essential to optimize physical properties of the shotcrete and minimize plastic shrinkage. Product should be cured immediately
after material has reached initial set in accordance with ACI 308 “Guide to Curing Concrete”. Continuously moist cure for a minimum period of seven (7) days. Alternatively, moist cure for a minimum period of 24 hours and apply a curing compound that complies with ASTM C309. Curing is particularly critical in rapid moisture loss conditions such as high temperatures, high winds and low humidity.
Underground environments
Good curing conditions are beneficial to optimizing physical properties. Although the high relative humidity commonly found in underground environments provides for good curing conditions, additional curing is often appropriate and should be performed in accordance with ACI 308 “Guide to Curing Concrete''.
CLEAN UP
Clean all tools and equipment after use with water. Once hardened, the product can only be removed mechanically.