King® MS-D3
HIGH EARLY SHOTCRETE MATERIAL FOR DRY-MIX PROCESS APPLICATIONS
King® MS-D3 is a pre blended,pre-packaged, dry-process shotcrete material containing high early Portland cement, silica fume, air-entraining admixture, blended aggregates and other carefully selected components. It has greatly enhanced shooting characteristics and physical properties.
- Improved early age strength development
- Air-entrainment provides superior resistance to freeze-thaw cycling and salt-scaling resistance
- Improved adhesive and cohesive plastic properties
Usage
Overall:- Rehabilitation of concrete bridges, dams, reservoirs, subway tunnels, marine structures and parking ramps.
- Lining and rehabilitation of sewers and watermains.
- New construction including slope stabilization, soil-nailing, shaft and tunnel linings, pools and other concrete structures.
- Ground support applications for mining, tunneling and other underground openings.
- Rehabilitation of marine structures.
- Lining and rehabilitation of sewers and other tunnels.
- Slope stabilization, soil-nailing, shaft and tunnel linings.
Advantages
- Improved early age strength development
- Air-entrainment provides superior resistance to freeze-thaw cycling and salt-scaling resistance
- Improved adhesive and cohesive plastic properties
- Significantly reduced rebound, resulting in lower material usage
- Improved ability to build greater thicknesses in a single pass in both vertical and overhead orientations
- Improved resistance to water wash-out
- Improved resistance to sulphate attack
- Very low permeability
- Low shrinkage
- Compatible with integral, pre-applied and/or post-applied corrosion inhibitors*
- Designed with natural normal-density non-reactive aggregates to eliminate potential alkali-aggregate reactivity (AAR)
ACCELERATOR LEVEL
- Improved performance in cold temperatures
- Improved performance in presence of running water
- Allows for earlier re-opening of traffic lanes on bridges and in subway tunnels
- Synthetic fibres reduce cracking caused by intrinsic stresses
- Type III synthetic fibre in accordance with ASTM C 1116
- Grade FR Class I shotcrete in accordance with ASTM C 1480
- Corrosion inhibitor protects steel reinforcing and other metals embedded in concrete from corrosion induced by carbonation or chlorides
- Pre-blended corrosion inhibitor provides the correct dosage to enhance corrosion protection
- Improved performance in cold temperatures
- Improved performance in presence of running water
- Significantly decreased wear on placing equipment and accessories when compared with steel fi bers
- Increased fire resistance
- Ideal for use in manways or other areas where people may come in contact with the shotcrete surface
- Significantly increased load carrying capacity
- Significantly increased energy absorbing capacity (toughness)
- Significantly increased impact resistance
- Low permeability
- Reduction of cracking due to drying shrinkage
- Improved performance in cold temperatures
- Improved performance in presence of running water
- Air-entrainment provides superior resistance to freeze-thaw cycling and salt-scaling resistance
- Significantly increased load carrying capacity
- Significantly increased energy absorbing capacity (toughness)
- Significantly increased impact resistance
- Improved adhesive and cohesive plastic properties
- Improved resistance to water wash-out
- Low permeability
- Reduction of cracking due to drying shrinkage
- For King® MS-D3 with a level 3 dosage of accelerator, with synthetic fibres and Gradation No. 2, the name of the product would be King® MS-D3 X3 SY G2.
- For King® MS-D3 ST with a high dosage of steel fibre, a level 2 dosage of accelerator and a Gradation No. 1, the name of the product would be King® MS-D3 X2 STA.
- For King® MS-D3 MF with a level 2 dosage of accelerator, a high dosage of macro-synthetic fibre and Gradation No. 1, the name of the product would be King® MS-D3 X2 MFB.
Packaging
- 30 kg (66 lb) triple-lined bags
- 1 000 kg (2 205 lb) FIBC
- Products containing macro-synthetic fibres (MF) or steel fibres (ST) can only be packaged in bulk bags (FIBC).
*Custom packaging is available to suit specific project requirements
Product Details
APPROVALS / CERTIFICATES
GRADATION
- By default King® MS-D3, King® MS-D3 MF and King® MS-D3 ST are blended to meet ACI 506 “Guide to Shotcrete”, Table 1.1, Gradation No. 1
- King® MS-D3 G2, King® MS-D3 ST G2 and King® MS-D3 MF G2 are blended to meet ACI 506 “Guide to Shotcrete”, Table1.1, Gradation No. 2
Shelf Life
12 months in original, unopened packaging
Storage Conditions
Material should be stored in a dry, covered area, protected from the elements. For optimum performance it is recommended to store the material between 5°C ( 40°F) and 35°C (95°F) .
Underground environments
Physical properties may be adversely affected if material is stored in temperatures below 5°C ( 40°F), material stored below these temperatures should be allowed to warm to ambient underground temperatures before shooting.For optimum performance it is recommended to store the material between 5°C ( 40°F) and 35°C (95°F) .
Compressive Strength
ASTM C 116 (MODIFIED) |
King® MS-D3 X | King® MS-D3 X2 | King® MS-D3 X3 | |
4 hours | - | 2 MPa (290 psi) | 7 MPa 1015 psi) |
8 hours | 7 MPa (1015 psi) | 8 MPa (1150 psi) | 10 MPa (1500 psi) |
12 hours | 10 MPa (1500 psi) | 12 MPa (1750 psi) | 14 MPa (2030 psi) |
ASTM C 1604 |
King® MS-D3 | King® MS-D3 X | King® MS-D3 X2 | King® MS-D3 X3 | |
1 Day | 21 MPa (3000 psi) | 25 MPa (3625 psi) | 25 MPa (3625 psi) | 25 MPa (3625 psi) |
3 Day | 30 MPa (4350 psi) | 30 MPa (4350 psi) | 30 MPa (4350 psi) | 30 MPa (4350 psi) |
7 Day | 35 MPa (5075 psi) | 35 MPa (5075 psi) | 35 MPa (5075 psi) | 35 MPa (5075 psi) |
28 Day | 42 MPa (6000 psi) | 42 MPa (6000 psi) | 42 MPa (6000 psi) | 42 MPa (6000 psi) |
Modulus of Elasticity in Compression
ASTM C 469 |
1 day | 20.8 GPa (3.0 x 106 psi) |
7 days | 22.0 GPa (3.2 x 106 psi) |
28 days | 25.4 GPa (3.7 x 106 psi) |
Tensile Strength in Flexure
ASTM C 78 |
King® MS-D3 | King® MS-D3 X | King® MS-D3 x2 | King® MS-D3 X3 | |
7 days | 6.5 MPa (940 psi) | 6.0 MPa (870 psi) | 6.0 MPa (870 psi) | 6.0 MPa (870 psi) |
28 days | 7.5 MPa (1085 psi) | 7.0 MPa (1015 psi) | 7.0 MPa (1015 psi) | 7.0 MPa (1015 psi) |
King® MS-D3 ST & MF
28 days | 8.0 MPa (1160 psi) |
Tensile Strength
TENSILE BOND STRENGTH | ASTM C 1583 |
7 Days | 2.2 MPa (320 psi) |
28 Days | 2.3 MPa (335 psi) |
Splitting Tensile Strength
ASTM C 496 |
7 days | 4.4 MPa (640 psi) |
28 days | 4.6 MPa (665 psi) |
Shear Adhesion Strength
BOND STRENGTH BY SLANT SHEAR (MODIFIED) | ASTM C 882 |
7 days | 21.0 MPa (3060 psi) |
28 days | 25.0 MPa (3625 psi) |
Shrinkage
UNIAXIAL DRYING SHRINKAGE | ASTM C 157 |
King® MS-D3 | King® MS-D3 X | King® MS-D3 X2 | King® MS-D3 X3 | |
28 Days | 500 μm/m | 600 μm/m | 600 μm/m | 600 μm/m |
56 Days | 580 μm/m | 650 μm/m | 650 μm/m | 650 μm/m |
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
28 Days | 8.1 x 10-6/ ºC (4.5 x 10-6/ ºF) |
Porosity
AIR CONTENT | ASTM C 457 |
6% ± 2%
MAXIMUM AIR VOID SPACING FACTOR | ASTM C 457 |
300 μm
BOILED ABSORPTION | ASTM C 642 |
6.0%
MAXIMUM VOLUME OF PERMEABILITY VOIDS | ASTM C 642 |
15.0%
Freeze thaw resistance
King® MS-D3 | King® MS-D3 X | King® MS-D3 X2 | King® MS-D3 X3 |
95% | 95% | 95% | 88% |
Salt Resistance
SALT-SCALING RESISTANCE | ASTM C 672 |
King® MS-D3 | King® MS-D3 X | King® MS-D3 X2 | King® MS-D3 X3 |
0.10 kg/m2 (0.02 lb/ft2) | 0.17 kg/m2 (0.035 lb/ft2) | 0.20 kg/m2 (0.04 lb/ft2) | 1.2 kg/m2 (0.24 lb/ft2) |
Application
Setting Time
ASTM C 1117 |
King® MS-D3 | King® MS-D3 X | King® MS-D3 X2 | King® MS-D3 X3 | |
Initial | 3 hours | 45 minutes | 15 minutes | 3 minutes |
Final | 5 hours | 60 minutes | 25 minutes | 5 minutes |
Yield
- Approx. 0.014 m3 (0.5 ft3) / 30 kg (66 lb) bag
- Approx. 0.45 m3 (16.5 ft3) / 1,000 KG (2,205 lb) bag
* Yield in service may slightly vary according to projects conditions
SURFACE PREPARATION
TEMPERATURES ABOVE 5°C (40°F):
- Rock Surfaces : All surfaces to be in contact with King® MS-D3 and its variations must be free from dust, oil, grease or any other foreign substances that may interfere with the bond of the material. Remove all loose or delaminated rock. Clean the area with potable water, leaving the substrate saturated but free of standing water (SSD).
- Repair or Rehabilitation : All surfaces to be in contact with King® MS-D3 and its variations must be free from dust, oil, grease or any other foreign substances that may interfere with the bond of the material. Remove all loose or delaminated concrete providing a roughened surface and a minimum of 20 mm (¾ inch) clearance behind any corroded reinforcing steel. The perimeter of the repair area should be sawcut a minimum of 20 mm (¾ inch). Clean the area to be repaired with potable water, leaving the concrete saturated but free of standing water (SSD).
TEMPERATURES BELOW 5°C (40°F)
Use King® MS-D3 X2 or King® MS-D3 X3 / King® MS-D3 X2 MF or King® MS-D3 X3 MF / King® MS-D3 X2 ST or King® MS-D3 X3 ST
- Rock Surfaces: All surfaces to be in contact with King® MS-D3 X2 or King® MS-D3 X3 must be free from dust, oil, grease or any other foreign substances that may interfere with the bond of the material. Remove all loose or delaminated rock. To avoid freezing of the interface between the shotcrete and the parent concrete, do not pre-wet the receiving surface. Pneumatically remove any free standing or other fine particles that may interfere with the bond between King® MS-D3 X2 or King® MS-D3 X3 and the substrate.
- Repair or Rehabilitation: All surfaces to be in contact with King® MS-D3 X2 or King® MS-D3 X3 must be free from oil, grease or any other foreign substances that may interfere with the bond of the material. Remove all loose or delaminated concrete providing a roughened surface and a minimum of 25 mm (1 inch) clearance behind the reinforcing steel. The perimeter of the repair area should be sawcut a minimum of 20 mm (¾ inch). To avoid freezing of the interface between the shotcrete and the parent concrete, do not pre-wet the receiving surface. Pneumatically remove any free standing or other fine particles that may interfere with the bond between King® MS-D3 X2 or King® MS-D3 X3 and the substrate. Do not apply King® MS-D3 X2 or King® MS-D3 X3 when ambient temperature is below or is expected to fall below –5 °C (20 °F) within 6 hours following the application of shotcrete. Do not apply when temperature of receiving surface is below –5 °C (20 °F). Material temperature should be maintained above 10 °C (50 °F) at the time of application. Mixing water temperature should be maintained between 20°C (70° F) and 25 °C (80 °F).
APPLICATION
Apply in accordance with the ACI 506 “Guide toShotcrete” publication.
OPTIMUM PERFORMANCE
- King® MS-D3, King® MS-D3 X, King® MS-D3 MF, King® MS-D3 X MF, King® MS-D3 ST and King® MS-D3 X ST should not be applied when ambient, substrate and material temperatures are below 5 °C (40 °F) or above 35 °C (95 °F).
- For adverse temperatures, follow ACI recommendations for Cold/Hot Weather Concreting.
TEMPERATURES BELOW 5°C (40°F) :
Do not apply King® MS-D3 X2 or King® MS-D3 X3 when ambient temperature is below or is expected to fall below –5 °C (20 °F) within 6 hours following the application of shotcrete.
Do not apply when temperature of receiving surface is below –5 °C (20 °F). Material temperature should be maintained above 10 °C (50 °F) at the time of application.
CURING TREATMENT
Curing is essential to optimize physical properties of the shotcrete and minimize plastic shrinkage. Product should be cured immediately after material has reached initial set in accordance with ACI 308 “Guide to Curing Concrete”. Continuously moist cure for a minimum period of 7 days. Alternatively, moist cure for a minimum period of 24 hours and apply a curing compound that complies with ASTM C 309. Curing is particularly critical in rapid moisture loss conditions such as high temperatures, high winds and low humidity.
Underground environments
Good curing conditions are beneficial to optimizing physical properties. Although the high relative humidity commonly found in underground environments provides for good curing conditions, additional curing is often appropriate and should be performed in accordance with ACI 308 “Guide to Curing Concrete''.
FOR TEMPERATURES BELOW 5°C (40ºF) :
A resin based liquid membrane curing compound approved for use in cold weather conditions should be applied immediately after shotcrete
reaches final set be applied immediately after shotcrete reaches final set.
CLEAN UP
Clean all tools and equipment after use with water. Once hardened, the product can only be removed mechanically.